Indonesian (Bahasa Indonesia) — Cases of Personal Pronouns
There are no case changes at all. In the 3rd person singular, there is no gender distinction, so dia alone expresses he/she/it, and the possessive is expressed by attaching the pronoun after the noun or with suffixes (-ku/-mu/-nya).
Types of Personal Pronouns
Person (number) | Pronoun | Nominative | Objective (~object marker) | Possessive (noun+pronoun/suffix) | Possessive pronoun (~one's thing) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person (singular) | saya (I) | saya | saya | saya / -ku | milik saya |
2nd person (singular) | kamu (you) | kamu | kamu | kamu / -mu | milik kamu |
3rd person (singular, no gender distinction) | dia (he/she/it) | dia | dia | dia / -nya | milik dia |
1st person (plural) | kami (we) | kami | kami | kami | milik kami |
2nd person (plural) | kalian (you all) | kalian | kalian | kalian | milik kalian |
3rd person (plural) | mereka (they) | mereka | mereka | mereka | milik mereka |
Subjek (Nominative)
A pronoun used as the subject. The nominative and objective forms are completely identical, and you can tell it is the subject only by word order (at the beginning of the sentence).
Objek (Objective)
A pronoun used as the object of a verb. Its form is the same as the nominative, and it is identified as the object only by its position after the verb.
Posesif (Possessive)
It is expressed by attaching the pronoun directly after the noun (meja kami), or with the more reduced suffixes (-ku/-mu/-nya). The suffixes are used only in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd person singular.
Kata ganti posesif (Possessive pronoun)
It is expressed as milik (~possession of)+pronoun.
Examples
34. Saya tahu namanya.
35. Itu buku saya.
36. Dia bertanya kepada saya.
37. Kamu sangat cerdas.
38. Dia memberi kamu hadiah kemarin.
39. Buku di atas meja itu miliknya.
40. Pakaiannya tua dan usang.
41. Saya memberikan saran baru kepadanya.
42. Warnanya misterius.
43. Katakan pada kami apa yang terjadi!
44. Kami mencoba menyelesaikan masalah kami.
45. Saya akan menghubungi mereka segera.
46. Milik mereka terlihat lebih baik daripada milik kami.