German (Deutsch) — Cases of personal pronouns
The object case is divided into the 4th case (direct object) and the 3rd case (indirect object, dative). The possessive form also changes its ending according to the gender and case of the following noun.
Types of personal pronouns
Person (number) | Nominative (1st case) | Object case - direct (4th case) | Object case - indirect (3rd case, dative) | Possessive (basic form) | Possessive pronoun |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person (singular) | ich (I) | mich (me) | mir (to me) | mein (my) | meins (mine) |
2nd person (singular) | du (you) | dich (you) | dir (to you) | dein (your) | deins (yours) |
3rd person (singular, masculine) | er (he) | ihn (him) | ihm (to him) | sein (his) | seins (his) |
3rd person (singular, feminine) | sie (she) | sie (her) | ihr (to her) | ihr (her) | ihrs (hers) |
3rd person (singular, neuter) | es (it) | es (it) | ihm (to it) | sein (its) | seins (its) |
1st person (plural) | wir (we) | uns (us) | uns (to us) | unser (our) | unseres (ours) |
2nd person (plural) | ihr (you) | euch (you) | euch (to you) | euer (your) | eures (yours) |
3rd person (plural) | sie (they) | sie (them) | ihnen (to them) | ihr (their) | ihrs (theirs) |
Nominativ (nominative, 1st case)
A pronoun used as the subject. Since the verb always keeps the second position, the subject can come before or after it.
Akkusativ (object case, 4th case) — direct object
The target directly affected by the verb ('~을/를').
Dativ (dative, 3rd case) — indirect object
The target corresponding to '~에게'. In English, this would be lumped together into a single object form, but German distinguishes it as a separate case.
Possessiv (possessive)
An ending is added according to the gender, number, and case of the following noun (mein→meine→meinen etc.).
Possessivpronomen (possessive pronoun)
The ending agrees with the gender and number of the thing being referred to.
Examples
34. Ich kenne seinen Namen.
35. Es ist mein Buch.
36. Sie hat mir eine Frage gestellt.
37. Du bist brillant.
38. Er hat dir gestern ein Geschenk gegeben.
39. Das Buch auf dem Schreibtisch ist ihres.
40. Ihre Kleidung ist alt und abgenutzt.
41. Ich habe ihr einen neuen Vorschlag gemacht.
42. Seine Farbe war geheimnisvoll.
43. Sag uns, was passiert ist!
44. Wir haben versucht, unsere Probleme zu lösen.
45. Ich werde sie bald kontaktieren.
46. Ihres sah besser aus als unseres.